Ballast

Ballast is dense material used as a weight to provide stability to a vehicle or structure. Ballast, other than cargo, may be placed in a vehicle, often a ship or the gondola of a balloon or airship, to provide stability. A compartment within a boat, ship, submarine, or other floating structure that holds water is called a ballast tank.

Water can be moved in and out from the ballast tank to balance the ship.
In a vessel that travels on the water, the ballast will be kept below the water level, to counteract the effects of weight above the water level.
The ballast may be redistributed in the vessel or disposed of altogether to change its effects on the movement of the vessel.

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Source: Wikipedia · Image: Wikimedia Commons · Public domain

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